時間：2011-04-18 00:52來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次
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TAF Message type: TAF-routine or TAF AMD-amended forecast, METAR-hourly, SPECI-special or TESTM-non-commissioned ASOS report METAR KPIT ICAO location indicator KPIT 091730Z Issuance time: ALL times in UTC “Z”, 2-digit date, 4-digit time 091955Z 0918/1024 Valid period, either 24 hours or 30 hours. The first two digits of EACH four digit number indicate the date of the valid period, the final two di-gits indicate the time (valid from 18Z on the 9th to 24Z on the 10th). In U.S. METAR: CORrected ob; or AUTOmated ob for automated re-port with no human intervention; omitted when observer logs on. COR 15005KT Wind: 3 digit true-north direction, nearest 10 degrees (or VaRiaBle); next 2-3 digits for speed and unit, KT (KMH or MPS); as needed, Gust and maximum speed; 00000KT for calm; for METAR, if direction varies 60 degrees or more, Variability appended, e.g., 180V260 22015G25KT 5SM Prevailing visibility; in U.S., Statute Miles & fractions; above 6 miles in TAF Plus6SM. (Or, 4-digit minimum visibility in meters and as re-quired, lowest value with direction) .SM Runway Visual Range: R; 2-digit runway designator Left, Center, or Right as needed; “/”, Minus or Plus in U.S., 4-digit value, FeeT in U.S., (usually meters elsewhere); 4-digit value Variability 4-digit value (and tendency Down, Up or No change) R28L/2600FT HZ Significant present, forecast and recent weather: see table (on back) TSRA FEW020 Cloud amount, height and type: Sky Clear 0/8, FEW >0/8-2/8, ScaTtered 3/8-4/8, BroKeN 5/8-7/8, OverCast 8/8; 3-digit height in hundreds of ft; Towering Cumulus or CumulonimBus in METAR; in TAF, only CB. Vertical Visibility for obscured sky and height “VV004”. More than 1 layer may be reported or forecast. In automated METAR reports only, CleaR for “clear below 12,000 feet” OVC 010CB Temperature: degrees Celsius; first 2 digits, temperature “/” last 2 digits, dew-point temperature; Minus for below zero, e.g., M06 18/16 Altimeter setting: indicator and 4 digits; in U.S., A-inches and hun-dredths; (Q-hectoPascals, e.g., Q1013) A2992 WS010/31022KT In U.S. TAF, non-convective low-level (≤2,000 ft) Wind Shear; 3-digit height (hundreds of ft); “/”; 3-digit wind direction and 2-3 digit wind speed above the indicated height, and unit, KT Meteorology 7.1.59 FIG 7.1.22 Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) (Back)Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) (Back)In METAR, ReMarK indicator & remarks. For example: Sea- Level Pressure in hectoPascals & tenths, as shown: 1004.5 hPa; Temp/ dew-point in tenths °C, as shown: temp. 18.2°C, dew-point 15.9°C RMK SLP045 T01820159 FM091930 FroM: changes are expected at: 2-digit date, 2-digit hour, and 2-digit minute beginning time: indicates significant change. Each FM starts on a new line, indented 5 spaces TEMPO 0920/0922 TEMPOrary: changes expected for <1 hour and in total, < half of the period between the 2-digit date and 2-digit hour beginning, and 2-digit date and 2-digit hour ending time PROB30 1004/1007 PROBability and 2-digit percent (30 or 40): probable condition in the period between the 2-digit date & 2-digit hour beginning time, and the 2-digit date and 2-digit hour ending time BECMG 1013/1015 BECoMinG: change expected in the period between the 2-digit date and 2-digit hour beginning time, and the 2-digit date and 2-digit hour ending time Table of Significant Present, Forecast and Recent Weather - Grouped in categories and used in the order listed below; or as needed in TAF, No Significant Weather. Qualifiers Intensity or Proximity “-” = Light No sign = Moderate “+” = Heavy “VC” = Vicinity, but not at aerodrome. In the US METAR, 5 to 10 SM from the point of observation. In the US TAF, 5 to 10 SM from the center of the runway complex. Elsewhere, within 8000m. Descriptor BC – Patches BL – Blowing DR – Drifting FZ – Freezing MI – Shallow PR – Partial SH – Showers TS – Thunderstorm Weather Phenomena Precipitation DZ – Drizzle GR – Hail GS – Small Hail/Snow Pellets IC – Ice Crystals PL – Ice Pellets RA – Rain SG – Snow Grains SN – Snow UP – Unknown Precipitation in automated observations Obscuration BR – Mist (≥5/8SM) DU – Widespread Dust FG – Fog (<5/8SM) FU – Smoke HZ – Haze PY – Spray SA – Sand VA – Volcanic Ash Other DS – Dust Storm FC – Funnel Cloud +FC – Tornado or Waterspout PO – Well developed dust or sand whirls SQ – Squall SS – Sandstorm - Explanations in parentheses “()” indicate different worldwide practices. - Ceiling is not specified; defined as the lowest broken or overcast layer, or the vertical visibility. - NWS TAFs exclude BECMG groups and temperature forecasts, NWS TAFS do not use PROB in the first 9 hours of a TAF; NWS METARs exclude trend forecasts. US Military TAFs include Turbulence and Icing groups. 7.1.60 Meteorology 7.1.31. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Weather Formats The U.S. uses the ICAO world standard for aviation weather reporting and forecasting. The utilization of terminal forecasts affirms our commitment to a single global format for aviation weather. The World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) publication No. 782 “Aerodrome Reports and Forecasts” contains the base METAR and TAF code as adopted by the WMO member countries. |
