直升機飛行員手冊直升機操作手冊 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook

時間：2011-04-05 11:37來源：藍天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次

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Wherever you are, though, it is likely that you'll need some ground school in order to pass exams for registration as a spray pilot, which may involve some calculations about nozzle sizes, etc. You must also learn to read the label on the product, which will have some legal status. It will contain instructions concerning equipment required, first aid procedures, compatibility, amounts to be used, and where, and storage (pesticides are often Dangerous Goods, as well). If you spray outside the conditions in the label, you will not be legal.
To make money out of spraying, set prices are usually charged for an area, which means the quicker the job is done, the quicker another can be started, which is about the only way to maximise income - the problem is that your company's accounts are based on flying hours, not acreage. The aircraft should be placed centrally, and its production (in acres per hour) will depend on payload available, endurance, dead time between sites, volume of work at each site, terrain, pilot's experience, time spent on the ground reloading, rate of application and weather (I think that's all). Organisation, however, is most important. If you keep changing chemicals, the whole pattern of work will be disrupted, so grouping crops that require the same cover on a regular basis can get rid of not only dead ferrying time, but also unnecessary cleaning of tanks. Very often, you can expect to top up with fuel after every delivery, to get the maximum spread.
To minimise weight, liquid solutions will be more concentrated than normal, and exposing yourself and ground staff to the spray must be regarded as a possibility, either by ingestion, skin contact (sometimes through the eyes) or inhalation. Remember, whatever it is kills things, so it will be toxic—the larger the LD50 value, the less it will be, but below 10 is regarded as extremely toxic (LD50 indicates a dose that will kill 50% of test animals within a certain period, and refers to acute toxicity). Minimise skin contamination with rubber gloves and boots (unlined), and clean clothing which includes long trousers and sleeves, which is just what you need on a hot day, especially with coveralls on top (wear trouser legs outside boots). It's not essential to use anything waterproof unless you actually expect to get drenched, or are working in a mist. Cover cuts and abrasions. Flaggers can avoid exposure to whatever is being sprayed by simply keeping out of the way of each pass.
Acute poisoning refers to a single dose, while chronic poisoning arises from many non-poisonous doses over time.

Spray Drift
This is the movement of whatever you're spraying to areas it was not intended for. It's undesirable, not only because it reduces the chemical used on the job, but it also causes damage in non-target areas due to concentrated amounts accumulating downwind, sometimes more than that applied to the target (it's also trespassing). Spray Drift is affected by greater wind velocity at height, volatility of the solution, temperature inversions combined with spray pressure, nozzle spray angle and air movement around the aircraft. You can reduce the chances of it by releasing large droplets close to the target, by:

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